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Abstract High‐precision genome editing tools, such as programmable nucleases, are poised to transform crop breeding and significantly impact fundamental plant research. Among these tools, the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR‐associated 9) system is a programmable, RNA‐guided nuclease that introduces targeted, site‐specific double‐stranded breaks in the target DNA loci. When these breaks are repaired, it often results in a frame‐shift mutation via short insertion/deletion (indel), leading to gene knockout. Since its first successful use in plants, CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely adopted for targeting genes of agronomic and scientific importance in multiple crops, including rice, maize, wheat, and sorghum. These cereal crops ensure global food security, provide essential nutrition, and support economic stability. Additionally, such crops support biofuel production, livestock feed, and sustainable farming practices through crop rotation. This article outlines the strategies for implementing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in plants, including a step‐by‐step process of guide RNA target selection, oligonucleotide design, construct development, assembly, and analysis of genome edits. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA target selection Support Protocol 1: Genomic DNA extraction in‐house protocol Basic Protocol 2: Construction of a binary plasmid vector Support Protocol 2:Agrobacteriumtransformation with a binary vector construct and stability check Support Protocol 3: Plant transformation Basic Protocol 3: Genotyping of edited events 

Patterns, types, and causes of errors in children’s pronunciation can be more variable than in adults’ speech. In school settings, different specialists work with children depending on their needs, including speech-language pathology (SLP) professionals and English as a second language (ESL) teachers. Because children’s speech is so variable, it is often difficult to identify which specialist is better suited to address a child’s needs. Computers excel at pattern recognition and can be quickly trained to identify a wide array of pronunciation issues, making them strong candidates to help with the difficult problem of identifying the appropriate specialist. As part of a larger project to create an automated pronunciation diagnostic tool to help identify which specialist a child may need, we created a pronunciation test for children between 5 and 7 years old. We recorded 26 children with a variety of language backgrounds and SLP needs and then compared automatic evaluations of their pronunciation to human evaluations. While the human evaluations showed high agreement, the automatic mispronunciation detection (MPD) system agreed on less than 50% of phonemes overall. However, the MPD showed consistent, albeit low, agreement across four subgroups of participants with no clear biases. Due to this performance, we recommend further research on children’s pronunciation and on specialized MPD systems that account for their unique speech characteristics and developmental patterns. 

Chalcohalide semiconductors are rapidly gaining traction as stable, biocompatible materials for energy conversion applications. While the solid-state synthesis of bulk chalcohalides is relatively well-developed, the colloidal chemistry of these materials is still in its early stages. Colloidal semiconductors are often advantageous in device fabrication due to the cost effectiveness of solution processing. Thus, we aim to increase the utility of chalcohalides in device fabrication by establishing solution phase chemistry of promising compositions. We show that silylative decarboxylation is a versatile and effective method of making colloidal PnChI (Pn = Sb, Bi; Ch = S, Se) and Sn2PnS2I3 (Pn = Sb, Bi) chalcohalide nanocrystals of tunable sizes and compositions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the preparation of mixed-pnictide chalcohalides through silylative decarboxylation and/or cation exchange, the latter being one of the few reported instances in chalcohalides. Additionally, we use the thiocyanate heat up approach in combination with density functional theory to study halide mixing in quaternary tin chalcohalides. By pushing the limits of each synthetic technique, we have designed more soluble chalcohalide nanocrystals with tunable compositions while also gaining a better understanding of the efficacy of each procedure in respect to thin film and subsequent device fabrication. These results may help facilitate the future development and wide-scale application of chalcohalide-based devices for energy conversion. 

ABSTRACT As technological advances appear, it is desirable to integrate them into new engineering education teaching methods, aiming to enhance students' comprehension and engagement with complex subjects. Augmented reality (AR) emerges as a promising tool in this effort, offering students opportunities to visualize and conceptualize challenging topics that are otherwise too abstract or difficult to grasp. Within civil engineering curriculums, structural analysis, a junior‐level course forming the foundation of many other courses, poses challenges in visualization and understanding. This paper investigates the development of a mobile AR application intended to improve the conceptual understanding of structural analysis material. This application is designed to overlay schematic representations of structural components (i.e., beams, columns, frames, and trusses) onto images of iconic local campus buildings, allowing students to interactively explore exaggerated deflections and internal and external forces under various loading conditions. By contextualizing structural analysis calculations within familiar settings, the goal is to leverage a sense of relevance and place‐based attachments in students' learning. Furthermore, the paper examines the development process and usability of the AR application, providing insights into its implementation in educational settings. Experimental results, including comparisons with a control group, are analyzed to assess the efficacy of the AR application in improving students' understanding of structural analysis concepts. Furthermore, the paper examines the development process and usability of the AR application, providing insights into its implementation in educational settings. Perspectives from structural analysis faculty members are also discussed, shedding light on the potential benefits and challenges associated with integrating AR technology into engineering education. In addition, the study highlights the value of place‐based learning, wherein students engage with real‐world structures in their immediate environment, fostering deeper connections between theoretical concepts and practical applications. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on innovative teaching approaches in engineering education and highlights the potential of AR as a valuable tool for enhancing student learning experiences in structural analysis and related disciplines. 

Abstract The first reactions of thioimidates under radical‐mediated conditions are described along with the delineation of structural factors that impact radical reactivity and possible side reactions. Thioimidate‐containing copolymers with methylmethacrylate (MMA) are synthesized through radical‐mediated, chain‐growth polymerization. These materials serve as a synthetic branch point for facile conversion into amidines by treatment with a weak acid and an external amine. Our approach allows for more diverse amidine structures than have been previously reported in polymers. This chemistry also enables crosslinking to form novel hydrogels with finely tuned acid–base behavior. Subsequent examination of the acid–base properties revealed that these features are preserved across linear, soluble amidine polymers to cross‐linked amidine gel polymer architectures. 

This study investigates the facile hydride synthesis method guided by theoretical predictions to explore the K–T–Bi (T = Zn, Cd) phase spaces. Using an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) and density functional theory (DFT), candidate compositions are identified for experimental validation via a facile hydrides route, permitting experimental screening of K–Zn–Bi and “empty” K–Cd–Bi systems. The previously reported KZnBi and KZn₂Bi₂are synthesized alongside newly discovered KCdBi and KCd₂Bi₂. While the AGA and DFT predict the stability of these compounds, structural predictions align with the experiment only for KZnBi and KZn₂Bi₂. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure refinements confirm that KZnBi and KZn₂Bi₂adopt the hexagonal ZrBeSi‐ and tetragonal ThCr₂Si₂‐structure types, respectively. KCdBi has tetragonal PbClF‐structure type and KCd₂Bi₂belongs to the ThCr₂Si₂‐structure type. A trend based on the ratio of the metal ionic radii allows to rationalize variation in the structure types within theATBi family (A = Li–Cs), correctly identifying KCdBi as isostructural to NaZnBi. Thermal stability studied by high‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction reveals that Zn‐containing compounds melt at higher temperatures (821 K for KZn₂Bi₂) than Cd‐containing KCd₂Bi₂(635 K). This study highlights the efficacy of combining rapid synthesis techniques with predictive modeling, though structural predictions show some limitations in accuracy.